Project GraphicBio

Dr. Candida Rifkind, University of Winnipeg

Theory & Criticism

Adorno, Theodor W. The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. Ed. J.M. Bernstein. London: Routledge, 1991. Print.

Ahmed, Sara. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. New York and London: Routledge, 2004. Print.

---. The Promise of Happiness. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2010. Print.

Andrews, David L, and Jackson. Sport Stars: The Cultural Politics of Sporting Celebrity. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print.

Arsenault, Darren J. et al. “Visual Inscriptions in the Scientific Hierarchy: Mapping the ‘Treasures of Science.’” Science Communication 27.3 (March 2006): 376-428. Print.

Backscheider, Paula R. Reflections on Biography. London: Oxford UP, 1999. Print.

Baetens, Jan. “From Black & White to Color and Back: What Does it Mean (not) to use Color?”. College Literature 38.2 (2011): 111-128. Project Muse. Web. 15 Jan. 2013.

Banco, Lindsey Michael. “The Biographies of J. Robert Oppenheimer: Desert Saint or Destroyer of Worlds.” Biography 35.3 (2012): 492–515. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Baron, Samuel H, and Carl Pletsch. Introspection in Biography: The Biographer’s Quest for Self-awareness. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic, 1985. Print.

Barry, Kathleen. “The New Historical Syntheses: Women’s Biography.” Journal of Women’s History 1.3 (1990): 75–105. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida. 1981. London: Vintage, 2000. Print.

Batchelor, John. The Art of Literary Biography. London: Oxford UP, 1995. Print.

Batchen, Geoffrey et al. Picturing Atrocity: Photography in Crisis. London: Reaktion Books, 2012. Print.

Beaty, Bart. Comics versus Art. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2012. Print.

---. Unpopular Culture: Transforming the European Comic Book in the 1990s. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2007. Print.

Beattie, Keith. Documentary Display: Re-Viewing Nonfiction Film and Video. London: Wallflower, 2008. Print.

Benton, Michael. “Literary Biography: The Cinderella Story of Literary Studies.” The Journal of Aesthetic Education 39.3 (Fall 2005): 44-57. Project Muse. Web. 22 Nov. 2012.

Berlant, Lauren. Cruel Optimism. Durham: Duke UP, 2011. Print.

Bingham, Dennis. Whose Lives Are They Anyway?: The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre. Rutgers UP, 2010. Print.

---. “Woody Guthrie, Warts-and-All: The Biopic in the New American Cinema of the 1970s.” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 26.1 (2011): 68–90. Print.

Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1984. Print.

---. “The Biographical Illusion.” Trans. Yves Winkin and Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz. Identity: A Reader. Eds. Paul du Gay et al. London: SAGE, 2000. 297-303. Print.

---. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Trans. Randall Johnson. New York: Columbia UP, 2004. Print.

Boyden, Joseph. Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont. Toronto: Penguin, 2010. Print.

Braz, Albert. The False Traitor: Louis Riel in Canadian Culture. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2003. Print.

Bredehoft, Thomas A. “Style, Voice, and Authorship in Harvey Pekar’s (Auto)(Bio)Graphical Comics.” College Literature 38.3 (2011): 97–110. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Browne, Janet. “Making Darwin: Biography and the Changing Representations of Charles Darwin.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40.3 (2010): 347–373. Print.

Bruyneel, Kevin. “Exiled, Executed, Exalted: Louis Riel, Homo Sacer and the Production of Canadian Sovereignty.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 43.3 (2010): 711-32. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Buhle, Paul. “Toward the Understanding of the Visual Vernacular: Radicalism in Comics and Cartoons.” Rethinking Marxism 18.3 (2006): 367,381,469. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Chaney, Michael A. “Drawing on History in Recent African American Graphic Novels.” MELUS 32.3 (Fall 2007): 175-200. Print.

---. Graphic Subjects Critical Essays on Autobiography and Graphic Novels. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011. Print.

---. “Slave Memory Without Words in Kyle Baker’s Nat Turner.” Callaloo 36.2 (2013): 279–297. Print.

Chow, Rey. “On the Graphic in Postmodern Theoretical Writing.” Twentieth Century Literature 57.3-4 (Fall-Winter 2011): 372-79. Academic OneFile. Web. 23 July 2014.

--- and Paul Bowman. The Rey Chow Reader. New York: Columbia UP, 2010. Print.

Chute, Hillary L. “Comics as Literature?” PMLA 123.2 (2008): 452-65. Print.

---. Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. Print.

---. and Marianne DeKoven. “Introduction: Graphic Narrative.” Modern Fiction Studies 52. 4 (Winter 2006): 767-82. Print.

Clifford, James L. Biography as an Art: Selected Criticism, 1560-1960. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. Print.

Codell, Julie. “Nationalizing Abject American Artists: Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, and Jean-Michel Basquiat.” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 26.1 (2011): 118–137. Print.

---. “Serialized Artists’ Biographies: A Culture Industry in Late Victorian Britain.” Book History 3.1 (2000): 94–124. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Coleman, Jenny. “Vested Interests: The Con Artist, the Historian, and the Feminist Biographer.” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 25.1 (2010): 18–31. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Comentale, Edward, “’Thought I Had Your Heart Forever’ or the Modernity of Early Country Music.” Journal of Popular Music Studies 20.3 (2008): 211-39. Print.

Costello, Brannon and Quiana J. Whitted, eds. Comics and the U.S. South. Jackson, MS: U P of Mississippi, 2012. vii-xvi. Print.

Couser, G. Thomas. Vulnerable Subjects: Ethics and Life Writing. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2004. Print.

Crawford, T. Hugh. “Glowing Dishes: Radium, Marie Curie, and Hollywood.” Biography 23.1 (2000): 71–89. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Curie, Eve, and Vincent Sheean. Madame Curie: A Biography. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1937. Print.

Custen, George F. Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History. Rutgers UP, 1992. Print.

Cvetkovich, Ann. “Drawing the Archive in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home.” Women's Studies Quarterly 36.1 (2008): 111-28. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Davis, Rocio. “Locating Family: Asian Canadian Historical Revisioning in Linda Ohama's Obaachan's Garden and Ann Marie Fleming's The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam.” Journal of Canadian Studies 42.1 (2008): 1-22. Print.

de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, U of California P, 1984.

Duffy, Damian, and John Jennings. Black Comix: African American Independent Comics, Art and Culture. New York: Mark Batty, 2010. Print.

Dyer, Richard. Heavenly Bodies: Film Stars and Society. New York and London: Routlege, 2003. Print.

Eakin, Paul John. The Ethics of Life Writing. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2004.

Earle, Harriet E. “My Friend Dahmer: The Comic as Bildungsroman.” Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics  (2014). Taylor and Francis Online. Web. 12 Sep. 2014.

Edel, Leon. Literary Biography. Toronto: U of Toronto P. 1957. Print.

Eisner, Will. Comics and Sequential Art. New York: Norton, 2008. Print.

---. Graphic Storytelling and Visual Narrative. New York: Norton, 2008. Print.

El-Refaie, Elisabeth. Autobiographical Comics: Life Writing in Pictures. UP of Mississippi, 2012. Print

Elms, Alan C. Uncovering Lives: the Uneasy Alliance of Biography and Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print.

Elmwood, Victoria A. “’Happy, Happy Ever After”: The Transformation of Trauma Between the Generations in Art Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale.” Biography 27.4 (2004): 691-720. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Epstein, William H. Contesting the Subject: Essays in the Postmodern Theory and Practice of Biography and Biographical Criticism. West Lafayette, IN.: Purdue UP, 1991. Print.

---.  “Introduction: Biopics and American National Identity—Invented Lives, Imagined Communities.” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 26.1 (2011): 1–33. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Fara, Patricia. “Framing the Evidence: Scientific Biography and Portraiture.” The History and Poetics of Scientific Biography. Ed. Thomas Söderqvist. London: Ashgate, 2007. 72-91. Print.

Fuller, Jennifer. “Dangerous Fictions: Race, History, and King.” Cinema Journal 49.2 (2010): 40–62. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Gardner, Jared. “Autography’s Biography, 1972-2007.” Biography 31.1 (Winter 2008): 1-26. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

---. Projections: Comics and the History of 21st-century Storytelling. Redwood City, CA: Stanford UP, 2012.

Genette, Gérard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1980. Print.

Gilman, Sander L. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race, and Madness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1985. Print.

Gilmore, Leigh. The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2001. UP.

Goldsby, Jacqueline Denise. A Spectacular Secret: Lynching in American Life and Literature. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2006. Print.

Goldsmith, Barbara. Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Print.

Grace, Dominick. Chester Brown: Conversations. UP of Mississippi, 2013. Print.

Groensteen, Thierry. The System of Comics. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007. Print.

Hales, Peter B. “The Atomic Sublime.” American Studies 32.1 (Spring 1991): 5-31. JStor. Web. 22 Jul. 2014.

Hall, Stuart. “Notes on Deconstructing the ‘Popular.’” People’s History and Socialist Theory. Ed. Raphael Samuel. London: Routledge, 1981. 227-40. Print.

Hamilton, Nigel. Biography: a Brief History. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard UP, 2007. Print.

Hansen, Bert. “Medical History for the Masses: How American Comic Books Celebrated Heroes of Medicine in the 1940s.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 78.1 (2004): 148–191. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Hatfield, Charles. Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005. Print.

---. “Comic Art, Children’s Literature, and the New Comic Studies.” The Lion and the Unicorn 30.3 (2006): 360–382. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

---. and Craig Svonkin. “Why Comics Are and Are Not Picture Books: Introduction.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 37.4 (2012): 429–435. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Hathaway, Rosemary V. "Reading Art Spiegelman's Maus as Postmodern Ethnography." Journal of Folklore Research 48.3 (2011): 249-67. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Hayton, Christopher J. and David L. Albright. “The Military Vanguard for Desegregation: Civil Rights Era War Comics and Racial Integration.” ImageTexT: Interdisciplinary Comics Studies 6.2 (2012). Web. 27 Nov. 2012.

Hecht, David K. “A Nuclear Narrative: Robert Oppenheimer, Autobiography, and Public Authority.” Biography 33.1 (2010): 167–184. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Heilbrun, Carolyn G. Writing a Woman’s Life. New York: Norton, 1988. Print.

Highmore, Ben. Ordinary Lives: Studies in the Everyday. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

Hirsch, Marianne. Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1997. Print.

---. The Generation of  Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture After the Holocaust. New York: Columbia UP, 2012. Print.

--- and Leo Spitzer. “The Witness in the Archive: Holocaust Studies/Memory Studies.” Memory Studies 2.2 (2009): 151-170. SAGE. Web. 11 Aug. 2014.

Holloway, David, and John Beck. American Visual Cultures. New York: Continuum, 2005. Print.

Howard, Sheena C. and Ronald L. Jackson II. Black Comics: Politics of Race and Representation. London: Bloomsbury, 2013. Print.

Huyssen, Andreas. “Of Mice and Mimesis: Reading Spiegelman with Adorno.” New German Critique: An Interdisciplinary Journal of German Studies 81 (2000)

Ingham, John N. “Managing Integration: Clemente, Wills, ‘Harry the Hat,’ and the Pittsburgh Pirates’ 1967 Season of Discontent.” NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 21.1 (2012): 69–102. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1991. Print.

Jones, Matthew T. “Reflexivity in Comic Art.” International Journal of Comic Art. (Spring 2005): 270-86. Print.

Kelly, Cynthia C., ed. Remembering the Manhattan Project: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and its Legacy. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2006. Print.

Kendall, Paul Murray. The Art of Biography. New York: Norton, 1965. Print.

King, Coretta Scott. My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969. Print.

King, Martin Luther, and Clayborne Carson. The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Grand Central, 2001. Print

Kourany, Janet A. The Gender of Science. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print.

Lacan, Jacques. "The Split between the Eye and the Gaze." 1964. The Four Fundamental
Concepts of Psychoanalysis. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1978. Print.

Latour, Bruno. “Drawing Things Together.” Representation in Scientific Practice. Eds. Michael E. Lynch and Steve Woolgar. Cambridge, MA: MIT P, 1990. 19-68. Print.

--- and Steve Woolgar. Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1979. Print.

Lefèvre, Pascal. “Some Medium-Specific Qualities of Graphic Sequences.” SubStance 40.1 (2011): 14-33. Project Muse. Web. 14 Aug. 2014.

Lesk, Andrew. “Redrawing Nationalism: Chester Brown’s Louis Riel: A Comic Strip Biography.” Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 1.1 (2010): 63-81. Taylor and Francis Online. Web. 19 Aug. 2013.

Levine, Michael G. “Necessary Stains: Spiegelman's Maus and the Bleeding of History.” American Imago 59.3 (2002): 317-41. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Lupo, Jonathan, and Carolyn Anderson. “Off-Hollywood Lives: Irony and its Discontents in the Contemporary Biopic.” Journal of Popular Film & Television 36.2 (2008): 102-11. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York: HarperPerennial, 1994. Print.

Marshall, Lee, and Isabel Kongsgaard. “Representing Popular Music Stardom on Screen: The Popular Music Biopic.” Celebrity Studies 3.3 (2012): 346–361. Taylor and Francis+NEJM. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Middlebook, Diane. “The Role of the Narrator in Literary Biography.” South Central Review  23: 3 (Fall 2006): 5-18. Print.

Miller, Patrick B, and David Kenneth Wiggins. Sport and the Color Line: Black Athletes and Race Relations in Twentieth-century America. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print.

Mitchell, W.J.T. Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1994.

Monk, Ray. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center. New York: Anchor, 2014. Print.

Monot, Pierre-Heli. “Personal Epistemologies: Historiography, Self-Reflexivity, and Bios.” European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire 19.5 (2012): 659-67. Print.

Mullins K. “Questioning Comics: Women and Autocritique in Seth’s It’s a Good Life, If You Don’t Weaken.” Canadian Literature  203 (2010): 11–27. Print.

Neale, Mark Anthony. Looking for Leroy: Illegible Black Masculinities. New York: NYU P, 2013. Print.

---. New Black Man. New York: Routlege, 2006. Print.

Ngai, Sianne. Ugly Feelings. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2005.

Ní Dhúill,  Caitríona. “Towards an Antibiographical Archive: Mediations Between Life Writing and Metabiography.” Life Writing 9:3 (2012): 279-289. Print.

Nodelman, Perry. Words About Pictures: The Narrative Art of Children’s Picture Books. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1988. Print.

Norris, Robert S. Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, the Manhattan Project’s Indispensable Man. South Royalton, Vt.: Steerforth Press, 2002. Print.

Ogden, David C, and Joel Nathan Rosen. Reconstructing Fame: Sport, Race, and Evolving Reputations. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2008. Print.

Pauwels, L. Visual Cultures of Science: Rethinking Representational Practices in Knowledge Building and Science Communication. Hanover, N.H.: UP of New England, 2006. Print.

Podnieks, Elizabeth. “Introduction: ‘New Biography’ for a New Millennium.” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 24.1 (2009): 1–14. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Postema, Barbara. Narrative Structure in Comics: Making Sense of Fragments. Rochester, NY: RIT, 2013. Print.

Pipkin, James W. Sporting Lives: Metaphor and Myth in American Sports Autobiographies. Columbia: Uof Missouri P, 2008. Print.

Raiford, Leigh. “Photography and the Practices of Critical Black Memory.” History and Theory 48 (Dec. 2009): 112-29. Print.

Redmond, Sean. “Avatar Obama in the Age of Liquid Celebrity.” Celebrity Studies 1.1 (2010): 81–95. Taylor and Francis+NEJM. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Reid, Jennifer. Louis Riel and the Creation of Modern Canada : Mythic Discourse and the Postcolonial State. Albuquerque : U of New Mexico P, 2008. Print.

Rosello, Mireille. Declining the  Stereotype: Ethnicity and Representation in French Cultures. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1998. Print.

Rosenkranz, Patrick. Rebel Visions: The Underground Comix Revolution, 1963-1975. Seattle: Fantagraphics, 2008. Print.

Ross, Valerie. “Too Close to Home: Repressing Biography, Instituting Authority.” Contesting the Subject: Essays in the Postmodern Theory and Practice of Biography and Biographical Criticism. Ed. William H. Epstein. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue UP, 1991. Print.

Roth, Wolff-Michael, Lilian Pozzer-Ardenghi, and Jae Young Han. Critical Graphicacy: Understanding Visual Representation Practices in School Science. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005. Print.

Rosenthal, Peggy. “The Nuclear Mushroom Cloud as Cultural Image.” American Literary History 3.1 (Spring 1991): 63-92. JStor. Web. 22 Jul. 2014.

Runyan, William Mckinley. “Alternative Accounts of Lives: An Argument for Epistemological Relativism.” Biography 3.3 (1980): 209–224. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

---. Life Histories and Psychobiography: Explorations in Theory and Method. New York: Oxford UP, 1982. Print.

Rupke, Nicholaas. Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2005. Print.

Sanders, Joe Sutliff. “Chaperoning Words: Meaning-Making in Comics and Picture Books.” Children’s Literature 41.1 (2013): 57–90. Project MUSE. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Scherr, Rebecca. “Shaking Hands with Other People's Pain: Joe Sacco's Palestine.” Mosaic : a Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 46.1 (2013): 19-36. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Schaffer, Kay and Sidonie Smith. Human Rights and Narrated Lives: The Ethics of Recognition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.

Schweiger, Hannes. “Global Subjects: The Transnationalisation of Biography.” Life Writing 9.3 (2012): 249-58. Print.

Seltzer, Mark. Serial Killers: Death and Life in America’s Wound Culture. New York: Routledge, 1998. Print.

Shenk, Joshua Wolf. Lincoln’s Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005. Print

Shingler, Martin. Star Studies: A Critical Guide. London: Palgrave, 2012. Print.

Singsen, Doug. “An Alternative By Any Other Name: Genre-Splicing and Mainstream Genres in Alternative Comics. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 5.2 (2014). Taylor and Francis Online. Web. 12 Sep. 2014.

Smith, Sidonie and Julia Watson. Getting a Life: Everyday Uses of Autobiography. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1996. Print.

---. Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives. 2nd Ed. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2010. Print.

---. “Witness or False Witness: Metrics of Authenticity, Collective I-Formations,and the Ethic of Verification in First-Person Testimony.” Biography 35.4 (2012): 590-626. Project Muse. Web. 25 May 2014.

Söderqvist, Thomas. The History and Poetics of Scientific Biography. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. Print.

Sontag, Susan. Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Picador, 2004. Print.

Stelzig, Eugene. “Bureau of Missing Persons: Writing the Secret Lives of Fathers.” Partial Answers 11.1 (2013): 181-5. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Stocchetti, Matteo, and Karin Kukkonen. Images in Use: Towards the Critical Analysis of Visual Communication. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2011. Print.

Szasz, Ferenc Morton. Atomic Comics: Cartoonists Confront the Nuclear World. Reno, AZ: U of Nevada P, 2012. Print.

---. “The 1958/1959 Comic Book Biographies of Abraham Lincoln.” The Journal of Popular Culture 43.4: (2010). 842-59. Print.

Stewart, Kathleen. Ordinary Affects. Duke University Press, 2007. Print.

Strömberg, Fredrik. Black Images in the Comics: A Visual History. Seattle: Fantagraphics, 2003. Print.

Tensuan, Theresa M. “Crossing the Lines: Graphic (Life) Narratives and Co-Laborative Political Transformations.” Biography 32.1 (2009): 173–189. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Todorov, Tzvetan. “The Journey and its Narratives.” The Morals of History. Trans. Alyson Waters. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1995. 60-70. Print.

Tolmie, Jane. Drawing from Life: Memory and Subjectivity in Comic Art. UP of Mississippi, 2013. Print.

Tufte, Edward R. Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Cheshire: Graphics, 1997. Print.

Turner, Graeme. Understanding Celebrity. London: SAGE, 2004. Print.

Ty, Eleanor. “The Global in Recent Asian North American Narratives.” Global Perspectives on Asian American Literature.  Ed.  Guiyou Huang and Wu Bing.  Beijing:  Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.  149-163. Print.

---. The Politics of the Visible in Asian North American Narratives. University of Toronto Press, 2004. Print.

---. Unfastened:  Globality and Asian North American Narratives.  Minneapolis:  University of Minnesota Press, 2010.  Print.

Vågnes, Øyvind. “The Unmaking of the World: Trauma and Testimony in Two Stories by Joe Sacco.” Afterimage 39.1/2 (2011): 60-62. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 July 2012.

Van Gorp, Baldwin and Els Rommes. “Scientists in Belgian Comics: Typology, Chronology and Origins.” Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 5.2 (2014). Taylor and Francis Online. Web. 12 Sep. 2014.

Wagner-Martin, Linda. Telling Women’s Lives: The New Biography. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers U P, 1994. Print.

Wanzo, Rebecca. “Wearing Hero-Face: Black Citizens and Melancholic Patriotism in Truth: Red, White, and Black.” Journal of Popular Culture 42.2 (2009): 339-61. Print.

Warhol, Robyn. “The Space between: A Narrative Approach to Alison Bechdel's Fun Home.” College Literature 38.3 (2011): 1-IV. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Warner, Michael. Publics and Counterpublics. New York: Zone, 2002. Print.

Watson, Julia. “Autographic Disclosures and Genealogies of Desire in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home.” Biography 31.1 (2008): 27-39. ProQuest. Web. 23 Sep. 2013.

Waugh, Thomas. The Right to Play Oneself: Looking Back on Documentary Film. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2011. Print.

Whitlock, Gillian. “Autographics: The Seeing ‘I’ of the Comics.” MFS Modern Fiction Studies 52.4 (2006): 965–979. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

--- and Anna Poletti. “Self-Regarding Art.” Biography 31.1 (2008): v–xxiii. Project MUSE. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

Whitted, Quiana. “’And the Negro Thinks in Hieroglyphics’: Comics, Visual Metonymy, and the Spectacle of Blackness. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 5.1 (2014). Taylor and Francis Online. Web. 5 Jun. 2014.

Williams, Paul. The Rise of the American Comics Artist Creators and Contexts. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2010. Print.

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780-1950. New York: Columbia UP, 1958. Print.

Witek, Joseph. Art Spiegelman: Conversations. Jackson: UPress of Mississippi, 2007. Print.

---. Comic Books as History: The Narrative Art of Jack Jackson, Art Spiegelman, and Harvey Pekar. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1989. Print.

Wolk, Douglas. Reading Comics: How Graphic Novels Work and What They Mean. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 2007. Print.

Woolf, Virginia. “The Art of Biography.” The Atlantic Monthly 163 (1939): 506-10. Rpt. in The Death of the Moth and Other Essays. London: Hogarth, 1942. eBooks@Adelaide Web. 12 Feb. 2013.

Yavenditti, Michael J. “Atomic Scientists and Hollywood: The Beginning or the End?” Film & History 8.4 (1978): 51–66. Print.

Zizek, Slavoj. Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT P, 1992. Print.

Zwonitzer, Mark, and Charles Hirshberg. Will You Miss Me When I’m Gone?: The Carter Family and Their Legacy in American Music. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002. Print.